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Marilyn Monroe was an American actress and model. She became one of the most popular sex icons of the 1950s, emblematic of the era's attitudes towards sexuality. Although she was a top-billed actress for only ten years, her movies grossed $200 million by enough time of her unexpected loss of life in 1962. She is still considered a significant popular culture icon. Given birth to and brought up in Los Angeles, Monroe spent almost all of her youth in foster homes and an orphanage and married for the first time at the age of 16. While working in a factory as part of the war effort in 1944, she attained a professional photographer and began an effective pin-up modeling job. The work resulted in short-lived film contracts with Twentieth Century-Fox (1946-47) and Columbia Pictures (1948). After some minor film roles, she signed a new agreement with Fox in 1951. Over another two years, she became a popular actress with roles in a number of comedies, including As Young as You Feel and Monkey Business, and in the dramas Clash by Nighttime and Don't Bother to Knock. Monroe encountered a scandal when it was uncovered that she got posed for nude photographs before becoming a star, but rather than harming her career, the storyline increased interest in her movies. By 1953, Monroe was one of the most bankable Hollywood actors, with leading roles in three movies: the noir Niagara, which focused on her sex appeal, and the comedies Gentlemen Prefer Blondes and How to Marry a Millionaire, which founded her superstar image as a "dumb blonde". Although she enjoyed a substantial role in the creation and management of her general public image throughout her job, she was disappointed at being typecast and underpaid by the studio room.