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An extremely original history, tracing minimal understood and most intractable form of planned human aggression from historic Rome for this day. We think we know civil war when we view it. Yet ideas of what it is and what it isn't have an extended and contested history, from its fraught roots in republican Rome to debates in early modern Europe to your present day. Determining the word is acutely politics, for ideas about what makes a battle "civil" often depend on whether the first is a ruler or a rebel, victor or vanquished, sufferer or outsider. Phoning a turmoil a civil battle can shape its end result by identifying whether outside capabilities choose to get involved or stand besides: In the American Trend to the battle in Iraq, pivotal decisions have depended on such shifts of point of view. The age of civil battle in the West may be over, but anywhere else within the last two decades it has exploded - from the Balkans to Rwanda, Burundi, Somalia, and Sri Lanka, and most recently Syria. Along with the terms of civil battle has burgeoned as democratic politics is becoming more violently fought. This book's unique point of view on the origins and dynamics of civil battle, and on its shaping power in our conflict-ridden world, will be essential to the ongoing effort to grapple with this seemingly interminable problem.