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The West is home to the world's oldest and democracies, and even though these democratic governments take various varieties, from America's republican system to Britain's parliamentary system, every democracy and the concepts behind it have their origins in the Magna Carta. A singularly consequential document in European civilization, the Magna Carta (Latin for "Great Charter") was a document consisting of 37 articles signed in June 1215 in Runnymede near Windsor Castle between the barons of the English aristocracy and Ruler John, the absolute monarch. The document embodies a series of written promises between the ruler and his subject matter that he, the ruler, would govern Great britain and deal using its people in line with the customs of feudal law. For the very first time, the idea of a king's absolute power had been effectively challenged without push of arms. Today, the Magna Carta is known as the founding legal instrument of English common law and so a lot of the legal concepts of the West, an ironic legacy given that parts of the Magna Carta were distinctly intended to preserve the energy of the aristocracy from the interests of the ordinary people. At the same time, however, the Magna Carta was an attempt by the barons to prevent Ruler John from abusing his electricity while his subject matter endured lawlessness, cruel and unjust laws and regulations, severe fines and exorbitant taxation, thus reasonably earning its reputation as a charter for individual privileges against encroachment by express electricity. The sovereign ruler was now also at the mercy of law, a previously foreign concept. As the cherished and vital area of the common law and the source of both civil and legal method in the West, the Magna Carta is not merely the "law of the land" but also "a sacred word, the nearest approach to an irrepealable, 'fundamental statute' that Great britain has ever had." The Magna Carta: The Great Charter of Liberty explores the annals behind the creation and putting your signature on of the document, including its triggers and repercussions, its impact on English law and the U.S. Constitution, and its own impact and enduring legacy.
