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Berkeley uses the Socratic mode of inquiry in Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous to question fundamental beliefs about knowledge and reality. These dialogues are between Hylas (whose name comes from the ancient greek language word for matter) and Philonous, whose name means "lover of mind". The new physical sciences developed in the 17th century backed the materialism suggested by Thomas Hobbes and several other philosophers. This worldview proclaimed that all of reality includes nothing but matter in motion, thus promoting atheism and moral skepticism. The implications for politics, ethics, and faith caused concern among leading intellectuals in the 18th century. Whatever the value of the positive statements provided in this work, Berkeley foreshadows the philosophical impact of 20th-century physics, which issues the foundations of such materialism and demands a better knowledge of both physical and the mental aspects of reality. © Agora Publications